The Indian Peasant masses recorded in the past several heroic
struggles for their emancipation from the yoke of slavery and exploitative grip
of Feudalism and Imperialism. In early period the struggles were spontaneous, without
any conscious leadership with class ideology. After the historic November Revolution
in Russia under the revolutionary Communist Leadership and formation of the Communist
Party of India under the guidance of the THIRD COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL the peasants'
struggles in India entered the arena of conscious class struggle with class Objective.
The peasants' struggle in 'Hojang', which was spread out throughout Bengal with
the demand of one Third Share of crops and thereafter in Telangana the peasants
struggle and Kakdip with the endeavour to drive out the feudal Landlords from Lands
were under the Leadership of the Communist Party of India. The peasant masses in
the struggles of Telangana and Kakdip were induced to take up arms in hands and
were imbibed with the thought of armed struggle. The Kakdip struggle was a follow
up of Telangana Struggle in diminutive form.
The Naxalbari Peasants struggle was much smaller in dimension
than that of Telangana Presents Struggle. Then why the Naxalbari Peasants struggle
bore special significance and importance and wider sensation? It was/is because
of -
* The struggle was erupted when the communist party/ies came
in share of the state power, in a slice, through parliamentary election in West
Bengal, Orientating an 'United Front Government' with a combination of 'Left Parties'
and a dissenting wing of Congress. The newly formed CPI(M), which claimed to be
'revolutionary' opposite to 'revisionist' CPI, but sharing power with the revisionist',
possessed the dominant voice in the Government.
* The organizers of the peasant Front of CPI(M) in Darjeeling
were in the Leadership of the peasants of Naxalbari in the struggle. The support
to the struggle came from certain other leading cadres of CPI(M) of other front
and places. The campaign in support of the struggle brought the issue before the
people as open debate.
* The CPI(M) Leadership condemned the struggle as 'prematured'
and Left sectarianism or adventurism. They wanted surrender of the Leaders of the
struggle to the police.
* The theoretical proposition of the CPI(M) Leadership was
that the peasants' struggle in other states was in immatured position and without
simultaneous upsurge of peasants covering a considerable number of the states, the
armed struggle of the peasants in a area would surely face disaster; and hence such
step would be suicidal.
Accordingly, the theoretical propositions of the CPI(M) Leadership
were to be discarded by the Communist cadres, as Communist revolutionaries who stood
up in support of the struggle of the peasants. Hence it became a serious ideological
struggle in the Communist Polities and movement. The Communist Revolutionaries were
to come out with the political proposition bearing revolutionary concepts. The new
political propositions as evolved, were -
* The theory of class 'upsurge' at a time to seize the state
power by the proletariat, as happened in November Revolution in Russia would not
operate as such in the present historical situation ; the Indian Revolution in its
present stage of the Peoples' Democratic Revolution would generally be in the pattern
of the Chinese Revolution - a long drawn struggle in the form of protracted civil
war ; hence Mao Tsu Tung's concept of mass-based 'Peoples War' and of peasants struggle,
with creation of rural 'base area' should be adopted; the 'Agrarian revolution would
be the axis of the Revolution; the urban working class movement and other democratic
movement should be shaped to strengthen the agrarian revolution; the working class
would be considered as the Leader of the Struggle and should be trained for the
purpose.
* The objective of CPI(M) to achieve peoples Democratic Government
with elimination of vested interests from the economy through parliamentary process
would be a false illusion to the people ; A 'Revolution' would be necessary for
creation of such Government.
* The parliamentary polities of CPI & CPI(M) must be discarded
and they should be considered as carriers of revisionism in Indian Communist movement.
These propositions entailed the tasks of NEW ORIENTATION OF
THE COMMUNIST MOVEMENT with revolutionary perspective. It would be shaped through
development of new mass struggle. But this politics could not be blossomed in proper
shape due to domination of certain erroneous thoughts or concepts to conduct revolutionary
struggle. The concepts were : (1) To equipoise the class struggle with annihilation
of class enemy with individual murder ; (2) To consider this annihilation of class
enemy with individual murder as highest form of class struggle ; (3) To negative
the role of class organisation ; (4) To abandon the mass organisation ; (5) To adopt
individual - based - Guerrilla action as a substitute of class struggle ; (6) To
deny the importance of urban movement and to for sake activities in working class
front ; (7) to induce an idea of achieving 'liberation' of the toiling masses
within shortest span of time through Guerrilla action ; (8) To adopt a wrong ideological
concept taking 'Mao Tse Tungs' Thought in isolation depicting it as ‘highest
stage of Marxism’ in the present day world. These concepts converted the new revolutionary
politics to Terrorism and caused disaster on organisation. In my view, the timely
intervention of the Communist Party of China, in appropriate manner could have saved
the position.
The Communist Revolutionaries in India, having taken lesson
from the mistaken thoughts and concept should reorganise the polities, which emerged
in the context of the Naxalbari Peasants struggle for new revolutionary growth.
It is evident that the Peoples Democratic Revolution in India has remained unfinished.
An objective analysis of the present situation is necessary to play role in this
Revolution. It is observed that all the ruling parties in India including the Communist
Parties are now the open inventors of Imperialist capital in the economy of the
country and the open supporters of the Native Big Capital in their ruthless exploitation
of the mass. The main enemies of the Revolution are now the 'Friends' of the Ruling
Parties. The imperialist capital and Native Big Capital, with mutual collaboration
have obtained firm grip over the economy. The parliamentary governments are now
tools in their hands. The powerful section of the rich peasantry are now in collaboration
with these capitals. Hence the main objective of the Peoples Democratic Revolution
is to smash these Vested interests. So the main blow should be hurled against the
Imperialist Capital and Native Big capital and their political agents - the present
parliamentary rulers, The masses of the people should be made conscious of this
situation so that the main target of the peoples' movement will remain clear. The
masses should be made free from the influence of CPI & CPI(M). The working class
peasantry and the toiling masses should be led to new struggle. The rural masses
should be organised strongly with creation of mass organisations. The village
Panchayat should be considered as a part of 'State'. The movement should be organised
against the Panchayat opposing and resisting imposition of rural taxes and for realisation
of the demands of peasants and rural labouring people; and mass organisation should
be created for the purpose, A PLATFORM FOR STRUGGLE AGAINST IMPERIALIST CAPITAL
AND NATIVE BIG CAPITAL should be created. The Communist Revolutionaries must join
together in this PLATFORM, commenting their unity with a view to develop new struggle
of the masses. The new orientation of the Communist movement should be brightened.
It will be the real remembrance of the NAXALBARI PEASANTS STRUGGLE.
PARIMAL DASGUPTA
Date : 24th May, 1997.
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